Amnesty International reports that the displacement of Palestinians in the West Bank is part of an Israeli government strategy of ethnic cleansing, not just isolated actions by settlers. The report highlights record levels of illegal settlement expansion and the impact of settler violence on Palestinian communities.
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The displacement of Palestinians from the occupied West Bank forms part of a deliberate Israeli government strategy of ethnic cleansing rather than the actions of a few “rogue” settlers or far-right government ministers, according to global rights group Amnesty International.
The release of Amnesty’s new report comes on Wednesday as the Israeli government has approved record levels of illegal settlement expansion and annexation of large parts of the West Bank in recent months.
“The [displacement] campaign is not the product of ‘rogue’ settlers, settlers’ organizations or ‘extremist’ government ministers … settler violence is not an aberration but an integral part of an organized state policy,” read the report.
Israeli settler attacks particularly affect Palestinian Bedouin and herding communities in the West Bank.
At least 117 villages in the West Bank have been subject to either complete or partial displacement due to settler attacks, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
This resulted in about 5,910 people being “forced to leave their homes” between January 2023 and December 2025, according to the Amnesty International report.
Most of the affected villages were “designated as part of Area C under the 1995 Oslo II Accords, placing [them] under full Israeli military and administrative control”, continued the report. Area C comprises more than 60 percent of the West Bank.
For instance, just one kilometre (0.6 miles) from the village of Zanuta, where Palestinian Bedouins have lived for generations, “Israeli settlers established an illegal outpost known as Meitarim Farm in 2021,” said the report.
“The settlers soon began a sustained campaign of violent attacks and threats against Zanuta’s residents,” continued the report, adding that the attacks included settlers breaking into the homes of residents to attack them and emptying “their water tanks and pumping sewage onto their farmland”.
The report says that while the village’s residents “repeatedly reported settler attacks to the Israeli police … no action was ever taken”.
In July 2024 and February 2025, Israel’s Supreme Court then ordered the police and military to facilitate residents’ return to their village and protect them from settler attacks.
“The Israeli police and military ignored both rulings [and] every attempt by residents to return was met with continued settler violence and the acquiescence of Israeli forces,” the report said.
Instead of calls for restraint, the settlers “received state backing to intensify their violent campaign”, it added.
In April last year, far-right ministers Bezalel Smotrich and Orit Strock distributed a range of weapons, including all-terrain vehicles, to settlers living in the Hebron area during an event at Meitarim Farm.
Amnesty International claims that the displacement of Palestinians is a deliberate strategy of ethnic cleansing by the Israeli government.
At least 117 villages in the West Bank have experienced complete or partial displacement due to settler attacks.
The Israeli government has approved record levels of illegal settlement expansion and annexation of large parts of the West Bank.
Palestinian Bedouin and herding communities are particularly affected by settler violence in the West Bank.
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“The heroic and pioneering settlers who live here are doing Zionism, and they need security … We are here to build with them and to settle the land,” said Smotrich, who also praised settler land seizures.
[Al Jazeera]
“The ethnic cleansing campaign in Area C is state-sanctioned, state-driven and state-implemented; it seeks to accelerate the Israeli government’s annexation agenda and settlement expansion through war crimes and crimes against humanity,” read Amnesty International’s report.
In it, the rights group called on the international community to “prevent the destruction of Palestinian communities and the annexation of the West Bank”.
Israel’s Security Cabinet approved the establishment of 34 illegal settlements in the West Bank in April, the largest number of settlements approved in a single cabinet session.
This brings the total number of illegal settlements approved by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government since it came to power in late 2022 to 103.
While Israeli forces and settlers have consistently carried out attacks against Palestinians in the West Bank for decades, there has been a surge in attacks since Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza began in October 2023.
Over that period, Israeli forces in the West Bank have detained at least 23,000 Palestinians, most of whom were later released.