Urban areas host 80% of England’s homes at high risk of flooding, study finds

Eight in 10 of the homes that are at high risk of flooding in England are now in towns and cities, according to analysis by the National Housing Federation (NHF), which said social housing tenants are disproportionately vulnerable to the financial cost.

Research found that 839,000 homes in urban areas are now classed as being at high risk of surface water flooding, a threefold increase since 2018.

Constituencies in Thurrock, Basildon, Bootle, Sefton and Southport had the highest proportion of at-risk homes. Areas of London, including Hackney, Barking and Tottenham, also featured in the top 10, and also had the highest proportion of social housing tenants.

Alistair Smyth, the director of policy and research at the NHF, said: “With surface-water flooding a fast-growing threat in towns and cities, this poses a direct risk to people and families living in social housing.

“Our climate is changing faster than our infrastructure can handle, and social housing residents are more exposed, less protected and least able to absorb the financial shock when floods hit. While housing associations operating in higher risk areas are investing significant time and resource into protecting residents, this is a national risk that needs a national response.”

According to the Environment Agency (EA), a home is considered to be at high risk when it has at least a one in 30 chance of being flooded each year. Extreme rainfall, ageing infrastructure and rapid urbanisation are fuelling the problem.

Surface-water flooding – when rainwater is not dispersed through normal drainage systems or does not soak into the ground – is increasing flooding in urban areas, and the EA forecasts the number of properties at risk is likely to treble over the next 50 years.

The NHF said people who lived in social housing, which is predominantly in urban areas, were disproportionately impacted. In the 10 worst affected urban constituencies in England for flooding, an average of one in four households lived in social housing.

Social tenants are less likely to have contents insurance because of the costs, leaving them more exposed to financial losses from water damage. About one in three of the poorest households in England have contents insurance compared with nine in 10 homeowners.

Tracey Garrett, the chief executive of the National Flood Forum charity, said there needed to be a “step change” in how water was managed in urban areas where drainage systems had become overwhelmed by the effects of climate change.

“Every week we hear from people whose homes have been inundated with filthy water, often containing sewage, and many have been flooded multiple times,” Garrett said, adding there was a growing concern that “those living in rented or social housing, and on lower incomes, are the ones being hit hardest”.