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BBC News1 min read
Thousands of North Koreans fought for Russia. A memorial hints at the death toll
TL;DR
Approximately 2,300 North Korean soldiers have died fighting for Russia in Ukraine, according to a BBC investigation. A new memorial in Pyongyang provides insights into the death toll and the involvement of North Korean troops in the conflict.
Key points
- Approximately 2,300 North Korean soldiers have died fighting for Russia.
- At least 11,000 North Koreans were sent to Russia for military support.
- Kim Jong Un has paid tribute to the fallen soldiers.
- The new memorial in Pyongyang provides insights into the death toll.
- The memorial was ordered by Kim Jong Un in October 2025.
Mentioned in this story
North KoreaRussiaUkraineKim Jong UnPyongyangKursk
About 2,300 North Korean soldiers have died fighting for Russia against Ukraine, according to a BBC investigation based on satellite images and official photos of a new memorial in Pyongyang.
South Korea estimates at least 11,000 North Koreans were sent to Russia to help recapture parts of western Kursk, after Ukraine launched a surprise incursion in Kursk in August 2024.
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has previously publicly paid tribute to soldiers who died in the war - and it is believed that in return for providing soldiers, Pyongyang received food, money and technical help from Moscow.
The secretive regime has never disclosed the death toll of the operation in Kursk, which Russia says it has fully reclaimed - but for the first time, a new memorial offers observable clues - here's what they tell us.
In October 2025, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un ordered the construction of a museum in Pyongyang's Hwasong district to honour the troops killed in the Russia-Ukraine war.
Work started in a heavily forested area within the same month, according to a BBC analysis of satellite images provided by Planet Labs, a US imaging company.
A rudimentary shell of the 52 sq km complex was visible in December. By March, most of the exterior construction appeared to have been completed. Landscaping and surrounding facilities were finished last month.
Unveiled on 26 April, the Memorial Museum of Combat Feats at Overseas Military Operations aims to convey the "unrivalled bravery" of North Korean soldiers during their deployment to "liberate [the] Kursk region", according to state news agency KCNA.
The memorial consists of two 30m (98ft) long memorial walls engraved with names, a building and a cemetery.
A BBC analysis of multiple images released by KCNA shows that each wall is divided into about 14 sections, which are marked by grey stone lines at the top. Names are engraved in nine of these sections, with each containing about 16 columns, according to a BBC calculation.
Eight names of the killed soldiers are inscribed in one column, close-up photos of the east wall show.
With 16 columns and nine sections, that would equate to 1,152 names engraved on each wall - bringing it to a total of 2,304 across both memorial walls.
Songhak Chung, a senior researcher at the Korea Institute for Security Strategy, agrees with the BBC finding.
"The memorial walls are packed with the names of deceased soldiers written in extremely small characters. Considering the surface area and text density, the number of people recorded there is likely to reach several thousand," he says.
The exact figure cannot be ascertained due to the lack of higher-resolution images, but the BBC estimate is close to the number put forward by South Korea's National Intelligence Service (NIS).
In September 2025, the spy agency said about 2,000 North Korean soldiers had been killed and another 2,700 wounded.
Q&A
How many North Korean soldiers have died fighting for Russia in Ukraine?
About 2,300 North Korean soldiers have died fighting for Russia against Ukraine.
What was the purpose of sending North Korean soldiers to Russia?
North Korean soldiers were sent to help Russia recapture parts of western Kursk after Ukraine's surprise incursion in August 2024.
What has Kim Jong Un said about the North Korean soldiers who died in the war?
Kim Jong Un has publicly paid tribute to the soldiers who died in the conflict, indicating the regime's acknowledgment of their sacrifices.
What does the new memorial in Pyongyang signify?
The new memorial in Pyongyang offers observable clues about the death toll of North Korean soldiers in the Russia-Ukraine war, marking a significant acknowledgment by the regime.
