Pakistan is positioning itself as a global peacemaker by mediating between Iran and the US, aiming to ease tensions and foster regional stability. The country seeks to enhance its diplomatic standing and attract business amid concerns over energy supply dependencies.
Key points
Pakistan mediates between Iran and the US.
Efforts aim to ease tensions and foster regional stability.
Field Marshal Asim Munir's visit to Tehran contributed to a ceasefire.
Pakistan seeks to enhance its diplomatic standing and attract business.
Concerns over energy supply dependencies influence Pakistan's actions.
Mentioned in this story
PakistanIranUnited StatesField Marshal Asim Munir
As Pakistan works frantically to narrow differences between Iran and the US in its newfound role as global peacemaker, it is also seeking to recast its diplomatic standing and attract business.
Pakistani officials, mediating between an unpredictable US president and hardliners in Tehran, were on Monday trying to coax both sides to put the conditions in place for a second round of talks in Islamabad this week, including easing the standoff in the strait of Hormuz. Pakistan was optimistic that the meeting would happen, viewing objections voiced by the Iranian side and Donald Trump’s threats as posturing for domestic audiences.
At stake is not only regional peace, but also Islamabad’s own concerns about becoming dragged into the war and its dependence on energy supplies shipped from the Gulf.
Often portrayed as an international problem child, under threat from religious extremism and with an economy perennially on the brink, Pakistan seized the opportunity of its relative neutrality in the conflict to take the role of “adult in the room”.
A three-day visit to Tehran last week by Pakistan’s powerful military chief, Field Marshal Asim Munir, helped produce a ceasefire in Israel’s attacks on Lebanon, and a short-lived breakthrough on opening the strait of Hormuz.
Pakistani officials expect concessions from the two camps, including on Iran’s nuclear programme, the trickiest dispute. If an agreement is reached, Pakistan is hopeful that Trump and the Iranian president, Masoud Pezeshkian, will fly to Islamabad to sign the deal.
A security cordon was reinstated around the centre of Islamabad on Sunday, with roads closed and the two big hotels there emptied of guests in order to house the Iranian and US delegations – if they return.
A man with an automatic rifle stands in a road as two others sweep with brushes
Workers sweep a road in Islamabad on Sunday in preparation for the second round of talks. Photograph: Aamir Qureshi/AFP/Getty Images
The only nuclear-armed country in the Muslim world, with an army of 600,000 soldiers, Pakistan believes it has been punching below its weight. As a new multipolar order takes shape, Pakistan is seeking greater sway, using its military heft to counterbalance the longstanding weaknesses of an anaemic economy and tumultuous politics.
Q&A
What role is Pakistan playing in Middle East peace negotiations?
Pakistan is mediating between Iran and the US, aiming to facilitate a second round of talks in Islamabad to ease tensions.
What are the implications of Pakistan's mediation for its own security?
Pakistan's mediation is crucial as it seeks to avoid being dragged into regional conflicts and address its energy supply dependencies.
Who is leading Pakistan's diplomatic efforts in the Middle East?
Field Marshal Asim Munir, Pakistan's military chief, is leading the diplomatic efforts and recently visited Tehran to negotiate peace.
How does Pakistan's neutrality affect its international standing?
Pakistan's relative neutrality in the Iran-US conflict allows it to position itself as a peacemaker, potentially improving its global diplomatic standing.
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The opening was provided by the Trump administration’s need for an interlocutor with Iran, a task that Munir took on after a surprise June 2025 meeting at the White House with Trump. For Iran, Islamabad’s diplomatic support during last year’s 12-day conflict with Israel cemented ties.
Ali Sarwar Naqvi, a former senior Pakistani diplomat now heading the Centre for International Security Studies, a thinktank in Islamabad, said Iran did not have faith in traditional European diplomatic venues, such as Geneva and Vienna, to host the talks. “Pakistan has the confidence of all the permanent members of the [UN] security council. And Pakistan also has the trust of Iran,” said Naqvi. “Pakistan is a big country, with nuclear capability, and it is strategically located.”
For decades, Pakistan has managed to balance close ties both with Beijing and Washington, and has maintained a deep partnership with the Gulf states. Pakistan was able to call on China to provide assurances to Iran to enter into peace negotiations.
Zamir Akram, a former Pakistani ambassador, said Pakistan’s embassy in Washington had represented Iranian interests there since the 1979 revolution, while Pakistan had set up secret talks in 1971 that led to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the US.
“Pakistan’s role today does not come out of the blue,” said Akram. “Pakistan’s job now is to make sure that both sides believe they are getting an honourable exit.”
Even in the midst of its high-wire diplomacy, Pakistan’s economic vulnerability has been on display in recent days, with daily power cuts to save money and an emergency $3bn (£2.2bn) loan taken from Saudi Arabia. There is hope that with greater global stature, Pakistan could attract more investment, though that would also depend on economic reforms such as lower taxes and more robust laws.
Asim Munir and Abbas Araghchi reach out to shake hands next to a plane
Iran’s foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi (right), welcomes Munir to Tehran last week. Photograph: Iranian foreign ministry/AFP/Getty Images
Joshua White, a former White House official who is now a professor at Johns Hopkins University, said Washington’s traditional policy-making process would have flagged that Pakistan had a difficult relationship with Iran and that it lacked leverage.
“Pakistan has been sophisticated and obsequious in engaging the Trump administration,” said White. “The decision-making process in Washington today is highly personalised, and highly dependent on the president’s instincts, perspectives and proclivities. And the Pakistani leadership, to their credit, have taken full advantage.”
Elizabeth Threlkeld, a former American diplomat who is director for south Asia at the Stimson Center, a US thinktank, said Pakistan’s stock had risen in Washington through its performance in the conflict with India last year, its more active role in the Middle East that included joining Trump’s Board of Peace initiative, and the defence deal it signed last year with Saudi Arabia.
“So long as Pakistan does not set unrealistic expectations for the outcome of talks and is able to host them without incident, it stands to gain from simply providing an opportunity for the two sides to come together and has little to lose in the process,” Threlkeld said.
