Germany urged to stop admiring Beijing and wake up to ‘China Shock 2.0’

Germany must stop admiring China’s success in the EU or it will sleepwalk into the kind of deindustrialisation the US experienced 25 years ago, a leading Brussels thinktank has said.

With China’s surplus with Germany having doubled between 2024 and 2025 from $12bn (£9bn) to $25bn, creating a $94bn trade imbalance, the Centre for European Reform (CER) said Europe’s largest economy risked a repeat of what happened in the US in 2001 when a sudden surge in imports permanently hollowed out towns in the American midwest.

“China Shock 1.0” not only led to losses of up to 2.5m jobs but was also marked by a rise in suicides, divorce and drug use in US towns that lost industries to the Chinese, according to the CER report.

That fraying of the US social fabric, it said, was “an eerie warning shot for Germany’s car and machine-building cities like Wolfsburg and Stuttgart”, a reference to the homes of Volkswagen and Mercedes-Benz, two brands emblematic of German engineering and design success.

“Germany remains hesitant, even as China has already eaten much of German industry’s lunch and is preparing to start on dinner,” said the CER.

Entitled “China Shock 2.0: the cost of Germany’s complacency”, the thinktank report concluded: “Berlin cannot keep admiring the problem,” adding that the risk for Berlin was acute yet the German political leaders had “struggled to see the problem clearly”.

China’s surplus with Germany doubled between 2024 and 2025 from $12bn (£9bn) to $25bn. Photograph: Fabian Bimmer/Reuters

It comes amid a growing consensus that the Chinese export boom, which is underscored by Xi Jinping’s laser-focused five-year policy cycles, has triggered a second China shock that is putting industry and jobs at risk all over the world.

However, the CER said that in the EU, the shock was more consequential in Germany than any other country and was “worsening”.

Its report pointed out that Beijing was running a policy project, named “10,000 little giants”, that was specifically targeting Germany’s Mittelstand, the country’s ecosystem of middle-sized, innovative industrial suppliers and firms. Germany was described as “frantically searching for culprits” for its economic woes with high energy prices and bureaucracy domination the political conversation, instead of China.